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Visiting Kazakhstan’s amazing capital, Astana

Updated: Oct 6

Kazakhstan is a country that many people know little about, but it has a lot to offer. It is the ninth largest country in the world and the biggest one without a coastline. Stretching across Central Asia, it shares borders with Russia to the north and northwest, China to the east, and Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan to the south. It once bordered the Aral Sea, which has mostly dried up due to environmental damage, and the Caspian Sea lies to its southwest.


The name “Kazakhstan” means “Land of the Wanderers,” a reflection of its strong nomadic heritage. This connection to nature is still visible today in the country’s vast and varied landscapes. From wide steppes and deserts to forests and snow-capped mountains, Kazakhstan is full of natural beauty. It has become a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts, offering hiking, climbing and other adventures across the country. One of the best places to experience this is in the south, around the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan’s largest city and former capital, where mountain trails and scenic views are easy to reach as it sits at the foot of the Tien Shan mountains.

 

Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, is one of the most unique cities I have visited. It feels new, modern and full of bold ideas. Wide streets, shiny buildings and unusual designs give the city a futuristic look. Every building has its own story, and many of them were designed by well-known architects from around the world.


Fun fact: Astana has had five different names throughout its history! It started as a small settlement in the middle of the vast steppe and was chosen as the new capital in 1997 to help develop Kazakhstan’s northern region. Because the area is very flat and exposed, strong winds are common. To make the city more comfortable, architects and planners planted many trees around it to act as windbreaks. Temperatures in Astana can be extreme, with winters dropping as low as –35°C and summers reaching up to 35°C, making it a city of sharp contrasts and resilience.



From striking landmarks to local gems, here are my top picks for what to see and do in Astana, Kazakhstan:


Astana Grand Mosque

My first stop was the Astana Grand Mosque, the largest mosque in Kazakhstan and all of Central Asia. It can hold up to 235,000 worshippers in total, with space for 30,000 men and 5,000 women inside, and room for another 200,000 in the courtyard. The mosque is bright white with tall blue-topped minarets and golden details. Inside, everything feels calm and peaceful, with soft carpets and huge chandeliers. This beautiful space reflects how important faith is in the country. The building covers 68,000 square metres and features four minarets, each 130 metres tall. The minarets are divided into five sections, symbolising the five pillars of Islam: faith, prayer, fasting, charity and pilgrimage. At the centre of the mosque is a massive dome, one of the largest of its kind in the world, measuring 83 metres in height and 62 metres in diameter. One of the minarets has an elevator that takes visitors up for a panoramic view of the city. The mosque’s front doors, made from iroko wood imported from Africa, are among the tallest in the world, standing over 12 metres high and decorated with traditional Kazakh patterns and Arabic calligraphy.

 

Hazrat Sultan Mosque

The Hazrat Sultan Mosque is one of Kazakhstan’s most striking religious landmarks and the second-largest mosque in Central Asia. Named after the 12th-century poet, philosopher and Sufi teacher Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, it carries deep spiritual and cultural significance. The name “Hazrat Sultan” means “The Holy Sultan,” a title of reverence given to Yasawi, whose legacy is also honoured by a famous mausoleum in Turkestan.

 

The mosque was officially opened on July 6, 2012, and stands as a blend of traditional Islamic architecture with modern Kazakh elements. Covering a total area of 11 hectares, with nearly 18,000 square metres of interior space, it can accommodate up to 10,000 worshippers. Inside, the main prayer hall sits beneath a large central dome, measuring 28.1 metres in diameter and rising to 51 metres, making it the largest dome of its kind in Kazakhstan. Surrounding it are eight smaller domes of varying sizes and heights, adding depth to the structure's design. Four minarets, each 77 metres tall, stand at the corners of the mosque.

 

Beyond the prayer areas, the mosque includes spaces for weddings, Quran readings, ablution, religious classes and more. Its white exterior and blue domes give it a graceful presence, while the interior combines gold accents, tall columns and decorative details that reflect both spirituality and national identity.

 

Palace of Peace and Reconciliation

Completed in 2006 during a period of rapid development in Astana, the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation quickly became one of the city’s most iconic buildings. Locals often refer to it simply as "the pyramid" because of its striking geometric shape.

 

The idea for the building came from Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan’s first president, who proposed it in 2003 during the inaugural Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions. The goal was to create a space that would reflect the values of dialogue, peace and cultural harmony. Designed by renowned British architect Sir Norman Foster, the palace was officially opened in 2006 with a performance by opera legend Montserrat Caballé.

 

The pyramid-shaped structure is 62 metres tall and has a square base of the same length. Each face of the building points toward one of the four cardinal directions. Inside, it features an opera hall, a conference space, and rooms designed for international meetings and events. The Palace went on to host the second Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions, strengthening its role as a symbol of unity and global cooperation.

 

National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan is an essential stop for anyone interested in the country’s rich history and cultural identity. The museum offers a journey through Kazakhstan’s past, from ancient archaeological finds and nomadic traditions to its Soviet-era legacy and modern statehood. Each hall is thoughtfully curated, with impressive architecture and interactive displays that make the experience both informative and engaging.

 

Assumption Cathedral

The Assumption Cathedral in Astana is the largest Orthodox church in Central Asia and a striking example of religious architecture. Built between 2006 and 2010 with support from President Nazarbayev, it was consecrated by Patriarch Kirill. The cathedral stands 68 meters tall and can host nearly 4,000 worshippers. Its five golden domes represent Christ and the Four Evangelists, while the interior features over 170 icons and frescoes created by artists from Russia’s Palekh school.

 

Beyond the main church, the complex includes a chapel dedicated to the New Martyrs of Kazakhstan, a bell tower with bells cast in Yaroslavl, and additional chapels honouring Orthodox saints. It also functions as a cultural center with a Sunday school, guesthouse, and youth center. The cathedral holds relics of several saints and remains a key spiritual site in the heart of Astana.

 

Khan Shatyr

Khan Shatyr mall is one of Astana’s most eye-catching landmarks and a symbol of modern Kazakhstan. Designed by renowned architect Norman Foster, this futuristic structure resembles a giant transparent tent stretching 150 meters into the sky. It holds the Guinness World Record for the tallest tensile structure in the world. Inside, it houses a large shopping and entertainment center with shops, restaurants, cinemas, and even an indoor beach with sand imported from the Maldives. The design allows natural light to filter in while maintaining a pleasant temperature year-round, despite Astana’s extreme climate. More than just a mall, Khan Shatyr offers a unique blend of architecture, leisure, and innovation right in the heart of the city.

 

Atyrau Bridge

The Atyrau Bridge is a striking pedestrian bridge that spans the Ishim River in Astana, connecting two lively parts of the city. Inspired by the curves of a fish, it pays tribute to the city of Atyrau and its close ties to Kazakhstan’s rivers and the Caspian Sea. The bridge is 313 meters long and features a distinctive wave-like shape made of sleek white metal and glass. Its modern design is especially beautiful when lit up at night, making it a popular spot for evening strolls and city views. Both a practical crossing and a piece of public art, the Atyrau Bridge adds a sense of movement and elegance to Astana’s urban landscape.

 

Baiterek Tower

Baiterek Tower is one of Astana’s most iconic landmarks and a powerful symbol of Kazakhstan’s independence. Designed by architect Akmurza Rustembekov, the tower rises 97 meters above the city and reflects a popular Kazakh legend about the mythical tree of life and the sacred bird Samruk, which laid its golden egg between the branches. This story comes to life through the tower’s striking design, featuring a large golden sphere at the top. Visitors can take an elevator to the observation deck inside the sphere to enjoy panoramic views of the city. Inside, you’ll also find a bronze imprint of former President Nazarbayev’s palm that you can place your hand in. Both symbolic and futuristic, Baiterek Tower captures the spirit of a young capital looking toward the future while rooted in tradition.

 

Astanalyk Bazaar

As someone who loves visiting local markets whenever I travel, I couldn’t pass up the chance to explore Astanalyk Bazaar, and it did not disappoint. This vibrant market is one of the most authentic places in Astana, offering a rich mix of sights, sounds, and flavours. Spread across multiple floors, it offers everything from fresh produce and spices to textiles, clothing, household goods, and electronics. The food section in particular caught my attention, with colourful displays of local produce and fragrant herbs that reflect the region’s diverse culinary traditions. While it can feel a bit chaotic and crowded at times, that’s part of its charm. The lively energy, local character, and hidden gems make it a memorable experience. Astanalyk Bazaar is a window into daily life in Astana and a great spot to feel connected to the local culture.


Wine Tasting

A wine tasting experience in Astana is highly recommended. I had the chance to visit Arba Wine, where I wrapped up my day sampling a curated selection of local whites and reds, all made from grapes grown in the high-altitude Assa Valley. It was the perfect way to unwind while exploring Kazakhstan’s emerging wine culture. The staff were friendly and knowledgeable, sharing fascinating insights into the region’s winemaking traditions. Whether you're a wine enthusiast or simply curious to try something local, it's a great activity to add to your itinerary.

 

Astana at night

Astana transforms beautifully after dark, revealing a city full of lights and energy. Striking modern architecture is illuminated, creating a magical atmosphere. Landmarks like Baiterek Tower and Khan Shatyr glow warmly, while the streets buzz with activity as locals and tourists enjoy cafes, restaurants, and evening strolls. Astana at night feels alive and welcoming, offering the perfect blend of relaxation and vibrant city life. Experiencing the city after dark is a must for anyone wanting to fully appreciate its unique charm and dynamic spirit.

 

Astana is full of surprises at every turn. It is a city where the past and future coexist beautifully, blending ancient traditions with bold, futuristic architecture and ideas. Whether wandering through historic sites, admiring sleek skyscrapers, or exploring cultural hubs, each place I visited had its own unique charm and story to tell. The city's energy is contagious and invites visitors to discover something new around every corner. If you ever get the chance to visit Kazakhstan, make sure to spend plenty of time in this fascinating capital. Astana offers an unforgettable experience that captures the spirit of a nation embracing both heritage and innovation.

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